This issue of O&G Magazine discusses the clinical enigma that is endometriosis. In the 13th century, pain during menses was described as ‘strangulation or suffocation of the womb’. Like many perceptions about women’s illnesses, the pain and suffering was attributed to a woman’s failure to fulfil her biological destiny, that is, become pregnant and bear children. It’s interesting, and important, to reflect on the impact of social mores and expectations and how they influence doctors and scientists and our assessment and management of patients.